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Mexico morgues crowded with mounting drug-war dead
2009-03-08
CIUDAD JUAREZ, Mexico - Death froze his exhausted face. The attackers lashed or punctured nearly every part of his body. Then they cut off the dead man's head, wrapped it in a plastic grocery bag and dumped it with his body between two tractor-trailers on a city street. Muzi.com News 10088968-1 (muzi.com)As with most murders in Ciudad Juarez, police found no witnesses, no weapons. Only the battered corpse on the steel coroner's table carries clues to who he was and how he died. Muzi.com News 10088968-2 (muzi.com) "Every organ speaks," says Dr. Maria Concepcion Molina, who gently removes packing tape from the head of her third decapitated victim in a week. The dead man's slack mouth and eyes still seem to pray for relief. Muzi.com News 10088968-3 (muzi.com) Bodies stacked in the morgues of Mexico's border cities tell the story of an escalating drug war. Drug violence claimed 6,290 people last year, double the previous year, and more than 1,000 in the first eight weeks of 2009. Muzi.com News 10088968-4 (muzi.com) Each bullet wound or broken bone details the viciousness with which the cartels battle a government crackdown and each other. Slain policemen lie next to hit men in the rows of zipped white bags. Muzi.com News 10088968-5 (muzi.com) Workers toil up to 12 hours a day, sometimes seven days a week, to examine the remains. When Tijuana coffin makers fell behind during the December holidays, the morgue there crammed 200 bodies into two refrigerators made to hold 80. Muzi.com News 10088968-6 (muzi.com) "There are times here when there are so many people, so many cadavers, that we can't keep up," says the Tijuana morgue director, Federico Ortiz. Muzi.com News 10088968-7 (muzi.com) In Ciudad Juarez, the border city with the most killings, Molina prepares to make a dead man talk. Investigators press each finger of the headless body on a pad for fingerprints. Muzi.com News 10088968-8 (muzi.com) Molina guesses from his face he was probably in his 30s. Muzi.com News 10088968-9 (muzi.com) She carefully lays out his bloodied clothing on a red plastic sheet. She pieces together his knife-shredded T-shirt picturing a wanted poster for Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa. She lays the tags showing the brands of his jeans and boxers flat before snapping photographs of each. Muzi.com News 10088968-10 (muzi.com) "Sometimes we show family these photos, and they'll say it's his clothing but it's not him," says Molina, a 41-year-old mother of five. "It's a defense mechanism." Muzi.com News 10088968-11 (muzi.com) Ciudad Juarez, a city of 1.3 million across the border from El Paso, Texas, has a modern, estimated $15 million morgue and crime lab thanks to international support after another notorious spate of killings -- the Women of Juarez. More than 400 women have been raped, strangled and dumped in the desert since 1993. Muzi.com News 10088968-12 (muzi.com) The morgue has seven doctors, including two hired in the last two weeks. Muzi.com News 10088968-13 (muzi.com) Still, the procession of the dead is staggering. Plans are under way to double the morgue's size next year. Muzi.com News 10088968-14 (muzi.com) Last year, 2,300 victims of violence and accidents were wheeled into the pungent, formaldehyde-infused morgue, where doctors work to Mexican love ballads and the whir of electric saws cutting through bone. More than 460 bodies arrived in January and February this year. Muzi.com News 10088968-15 (muzi.com) The morgue has stopped taking other death cases. Muzi.com News 10088968-16 (muzi.com) Nearly 40 percent of the dead last year tested positive for cocaine or marijuana. About 20 percent were never claimed by their families, many out of fear. Cardboard boxes with bloodstained cowboy boots, cell phones and bulletproof vests are stacked to the ceiling in the crime lab. Muzi.com News 10088968-17 (muzi.com) Drug traffickers know investigators use the cadavers to track killers. They have raided morgues and carted off bodies at gunpoint as shaking workers in blue smocks stood helpless. Muzi.com News 10088968-18 (muzi.com) Soldiers now guard morgues when a well-known trafficker is suspected among the dead. Muzi.com News 10088968-19 (muzi.com) Tijuana morgue workers show photographs to families identifying bodies from behind a protective window. Ortiz has asked for bulletproof glass, as well as fencing around the one-story building. Muzi.com News 10088968-20 (muzi.com) From 4:30 p.m. to 9 p.m. on a recent Tuesday, 17 bodies rolled into the Juarez morgue, including the city police force's second-in-command and three other officers. Muzi.com News 10088968-21 (muzi.com) "If this continues, we're going to have another record year easily. We're headed toward 2,000 deaths within 10 months," says Hector Hawley, the administrator of the crime analysis and forensics unit, as workers in white haz-mat suits crane-lift body bags onto steel shelves. "We need a lot more help." Muzi.com News 10088968-22 (muzi.com) In a white shower cap and blue medical robe, the bespectacled Molina checks her victim's neck, but there is no bruising. His head was cut off after he died. Muzi.com News 10088968-23 (muzi.com) "He's been decapitated, but I still have to determine the cause of his death," she says. Muzi.com News 10088968-24 (muzi.com) Her assistant, Ivan Ramos, 20, matches the head to the body. He holds it in place as Molina shoots a photograph, using a paper identifying the man by number to cover the gap in his neck. That makes it easier for loved ones who have to see the picture. Muzi.com News 10088968-25 (muzi.com) The doctor notes the rest of his injuries: broken left tibia, broken right humerus, severely bruised and cut abdomen, bruised left thigh, stabbed right thigh, sliced chin, knife punctures on lower right calf, lashes on his back. He has no distinguishable traits -- no moles, no scars, no tattoos. Muzi.com News 10088968-26 (muzi.com) Molina unwraps what appears to be a tourniquet on his left biceps. She speculates it was put there by the killers to stop the bleeding from a stab wound so he would not die before they finished their torture. His knees are bruised. He was forced to crawl at one point. Muzi.com News 10088968-27 (muzi.com) Molina holds the head on the examining table while Ramos shaves a section to measure a knife wound. He cuts the skin, saws open the skull, then photographs the brain before scooping it out and wiping away a dark pool of blood. Muzi.com News 10088968-28 (muzi.com) "That dark wine color on the brain, that shouldn't be there," Molina says. "That's a cerebral hemorrhage. Although they didn't crack his skull, he was beaten hard enough that it caused this." Muzi.com News 10088968-29 (muzi.com) Molina sees the carnage as a mound of medical evidence to be explored, a mechanism that helps her leave the gory images locked in the morgue when she heads home. Other doctors have quit after a few days. Muzi.com News 10088968-30 (muzi.com) She keeps looking, unsatisfied that the head injury caused the man's death. Muzi.com News 10088968-31 (muzi.com) Ramos drills through the rib cage to examine the organs. He started at the morgue as a volunteer when he was 17. While he couldn't eat at first, he's glad it led to a job in a recession-wracked city. Muzi.com News 10088968-32 (muzi.com) Molina examines the man's heart. Muzi.com News 10088968-33 (muzi.com) "Look, he had a heart attack," she says, pointing to white pearling on the organ. "But if I put heart attack as the cause, it will remove the responsibility from those who did this because it will be considered a natural death. So I'm going to leave that as a last resort." Muzi.com News 10088968-34 (muzi.com) She lifts each organ, noting how healthy the man was. No kidney stones, little fat, a healthy appendix, a normal-sized head. Muzi.com News 10088968-35 (muzi.com) "This could have been a productive person, and they are all like that, young men between 18 and 36 years old," she says, shaking her head. Muzi.com News 10088968-36 (muzi.com) After an hour and a half, she decides he was asphyxiated by the packing tape over his mouth and nose. His lungs are collapsed. His nails are a purplish blue. Muzi.com News 10088968-37 (muzi.com) Ramos gets a needle and twine, places the brain in the man's body cavity as standard procedure and sews up his chest. He closes the skull and replaces its skin. Muzi.com News 10088968-38 (muzi.com) "He's in good shape for being identified," Molina says. Muzi.com News 10088968-39 (muzi.com)
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