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US officials eye North Korea in cyber attack
2009-07-08
WASHINGTON - U.S. authorities on Wednesday eyed North Korea as the origin of the widespread cyber attack that overwhelmed government Web sites in the United States and South Korea, although they warned it would be difficult to definitively identify the attackers quickly. Muzi.com News 10091320-1 (muzi.com)The powerful attack that targeted dozens of government and private sites underscored how unevenly prepared the U.S. government is to block such multipronged assaults. Muzi.com News 10091320-2 (muzi.com) While Treasury Department and Federal Trade Commission Web sites were shut down by the software attack, which lasted for days over the holiday weekend, others such as the Pentagon and the White House were able to fend it off with little disruption. Muzi.com News 10091320-3 (muzi.com) The North Korea link, described by three officials, more firmly connected the U.S. attacks to another wave of cyber assaults that hit government agencies Tuesday in South Korea. The officials said that while Internet addresses have been traced to North Korea, that does not necessarily mean the attack involved the Pyongyang government. Muzi.com News 10091320-4 (muzi.com) The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly on the matter. Muzi.com News 10091320-5 (muzi.com) South Korea intelligence officials have identified North Korea as a suspect in those attacks and said that the sophistication of the assault suggested it was carried out at a higher level that just rogue or individual hackers. Muzi.com News 10091320-6 (muzi.com) U.S. officials would not go that far and declined to discuss publicly who may have instigated the intrusion or how it was done. Muzi.com News 10091320-7 (muzi.com) In an Associated Press interview, Philip Reitinger, deputy under secretary at the Homeland Security Department, said the far-reaching attacks demonstrate the importance of cybersecurity as a critical national security issue. Muzi.com News 10091320-8 (muzi.com) The fact that a series of computers were involved in an attack, Reitinger said, "doesn't say anything about the ultimate source of the attack." Muzi.com News 10091320-9 (muzi.com) "What it says is that those computers were as much a target of the attack as the eventual Web sites that are targets," said Reitinger, who heads DHS cybersecurity operations. "They're just zombies that are being used by some unseen third party to launch attacks against government and nongovernment Web sites." Muzi.com News 10091320-10 (muzi.com) Targets of the most widespread cyber offensive of recent years also included the National Security Agency, Homeland Security Department and State Department, the Nasdaq stock market and The Washington Post, according to an early analysis of the software used in the attacks. Muzi.com News 10091320-11 (muzi.com) The Associated Press obtained the target list from security experts analyzing the attacks. They provided the list on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation. Muzi.com News 10091320-12 (muzi.com) Other experts in cyber assaults said the incident shined a harsh light on the U.S. government's efforts to protect all of its agencies against Web-based attacks. Muzi.com News 10091320-13 (muzi.com) James Lewis, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that the fact that both the White House and Defense Department were attacked but didn't go down points to the need for coordinated government network defenses. Muzi.com News 10091320-14 (muzi.com) "It says that they were ready and the other guys weren't ready," he said. "We are disorganized. In the event of an attack, some places aren't going to be able to defend themselves." Muzi.com News 10091320-15 (muzi.com) The wave of cyber assaults are known as "denial of service" attacks. Such attacks against Web sites are not uncommon and are caused when sites are so deluged with Internet traffic that they are effectively taken off-line. Mounting such an attack can be relatively easy and inexpensive, using widely available hacking programs, and they become far more serious if hackers infect and tie thousands of computers together into "botnets." Muzi.com News 10091320-16 (muzi.com) Joe Stewart, director of malware research for the counterthreat unit of SecureWorks Inc., said there's no indication yet of a claim of responsibility hidden anywhere in the program behind the attacks. Stewart and other researchers are analyzing the code for clues about the attacker's identity. Muzi.com News 10091320-17 (muzi.com) Stewart noted that the attacks on U.S. government sites appeared to expand after the initial assaults over the holiday weekend failed to generate any publicity. He said the "target list" contained in the program's code only had five U.S. government sites on it on July 5, but were broadened the next day to include nongovernment sites inside the U.S. Muzi.com News 10091320-18 (muzi.com) The following day, the South Korean Web sites were added. Muzi.com News 10091320-19 (muzi.com) "It seems to me they thought the first round wasn't successful ... they felt they weren't getting enough attention because nobody was talking about their attacks," Stewart said. Muzi.com News 10091320-20 (muzi.com) The cyber assault on the White House site had "absolutely no effect on the White House's day-to-day operations," said spokesman Nick Shapiro. He said that preventive measures kept whitehouse.gov stable and available to the general public but that Internet visitors from Asia may have experienced problems. Muzi.com News 10091320-21 (muzi.com) All federal Web sites were back up and running, Shapiro said. A State Department spokesman said the agency's site was up but still experiencing problems. A Web site for the U.S. Secret Service had experienced access problems but did not crash, the agency's spokesman said. Muzi.com News 10091320-22 (muzi.com) The cyber attack did not appear, at least at the outset, to target internal or classified files or systems, but instead aimed at agencies' public sites, creating a nuisance both for officials and the Web consumers who use them. Muzi.com News 10091320-23 (muzi.com) Ben Rushlo, director of Internet technologies at Keynote Systems, said problems with the Transportation Department site began Saturday and continued until Monday, while the FTC site was down Sunday and Monday. Muzi.com News 10091320-24 (muzi.com) Keynote Systems is a mobile and Web site monitoring company based in San Mateo, Calif. The company publishes data detailing outages on Web sites, including 40 government sites it watches. Muzi.com News 10091320-25 (muzi.com) According to Rushlo, the Transportation Web site was "100 percent down" for two days, so that no Internet users could get through. The FTC site, meanwhile, started to come back online late Sunday, but even on Tuesday Internet users still were unable to get to the site 70 percent of the time. Muzi.com News 10091320-26 (muzi.com) Dale Meyerrose, former chief information officer for the U.S. intelligence community, said that at least one of the federal agency Web sites got saturated with as many as 1 million hits per second per attack -- amounting to 4 billion Internet hits at once. He would not identify the agency, but he said the Web site is generally capable of handling a level of about 25,000 users. Muzi.com News 10091320-27 (muzi.com) Meyerrose, who is now vice president at Harris Corp., said the characteristics of the attack suggest the involvement of between 30,000 to 60,000 computers. Muzi.com News 10091320-28 (muzi.com) The widespread attack was "loud and clumsy," which suggests it was carried out by an unsophisticated organization, said Amit Yoran, chief executive at NetWitness Corp. and the former U.S. government cybersecurity chief. "This is not the elegance we would expect from sophisticated adversaries." Muzi.com News 10091320-29 (muzi.com) Officials agreed, however, that the incident brings to the forefront a key 21st century threat. Muzi.com News 10091320-30 (muzi.com) "It tells you that cyber attacks are real. It's a very serious problem and one of the more serious facing us, along with terrorism, and China and Russia are the main threats," said Rep. Dutch Ruppersburger, D-Md., who was briefed on the incident. Muzi.com News 10091320-31 (muzi.com) ___ Muzi.com News 10091320-32 (muzi.com) Associated Press writers Lara Jakes and Pamela Hess in Washington; Jordan Robertson in San Jose; Hyung-Jin Kim in Seoul, South Korea; and Andrew Vanacore in New York contributed to this report. Muzi.com News 10091320-33 (muzi.com) ___ Muzi.com News 10091320-34 (muzi.com) On the Net: Muzi.com News 10091320-35 (muzi.com) Treasury Department: http://www.ustreas.gov Muzi.com News 10091320-36 (muzi.com) Secret Service: http://www.secretservice.gov/ Muzi.com News 10091320-37 (muzi.com) Transportation Department: http://www.dot.gov Muzi.com News 10091320-38 (muzi.com) Federal Trade Commission: http://www.ftc.gov/ Muzi.com News 10091320-39 (muzi.com)
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